A first look at the governance and transparency of the middle common rooms of the various colleges at Oxford
by
Share via
Each middle common room (MCR) has their own governing documents—i.e., a constitution, standing orders, or bye-laws—with pronounced differences between them. We examine all MCRs and rank them according to transparency and governance measures.
This report is for both current and prospective students at the University of Oxford as well as for the wider public: for current ones to help inform them, for prospective ones to have additional information on the colleges and MCRs they might wish to apply to, and for the wider public to gain insights into the sometimes Byzantine workings of the University of Oxford, colleges and student organization.
By prioritizing governance measures that are easily improved and which lead to more visibility and participation within MCRs, we hope to encourage positive change. We spotlight MCRs that rank highly to celebrate their status as role models while showcasing MCRs that rank poorly to raise awareness within them.
The Oxford Whisperer will publish updated reports on a yearly schedule. This report is part of a series that will examine governance and transparency at the University of Oxford. We intend to expand the coverage over time to other institutions at the university.
MCR Ranking
St Edmund Hall’s MCR ranks highest, and Kellogg College’s MCR ranks last by total score.
St Edmund Hall’s MCR is exemplary. The constitution mandates internal finance audits and audits by the college. They also allow MCR members to request insight into the expenses. Both the minutes of general meetings and committee meetings are made available to members, and the former are also made available publicly (up until 2019 at the moment).
Brasenose College’s HCR, Magdalen College’s MCR, and New College’s MCR also rank highly on all measures.
On the other end of the spectrum, Kellogg College’s MCR disallows election to multiple positions, and Kellogg College audits the finances, but otherwise, it is the least transparent. No finance report is shared with the MCR or MCR Committee. Meeting minutes are not shared with MCR members and committee members, and there are no general meetings.
Similarly, St Anthony College’s GCR, Oriel College’s MCR, and Wadham College’s MCR do not mandate sharing meeting notes with Committee members or MCR members in their governing documents. However, they commit to more auditing and financial reporting than Kellogg College’s MCR.
However, this only provides a partial perspective because we could not find sufficient information for many MCRs. We hope to update this report as we gather additional data.
Table: MCRs with Insufficient Data
Insufficient Data
Christ Church
Green Templeton College
Harris Manchester College
Nuffield College
Pembroke College
Regent’s Park College
St Benet’s Hall
St Peter’s College
St Stephen’s House
Trinity College
University College
Worcester College
Wycliffe Hall
Blackfriars JCR and Campion Hall MCR have fewer than 30 students each in their common rooms, and less formal approaches to governance seem practicable. Hence, they are not listed in the table above.
Transparency & Governance Criteria
For most MCRs, we have found their constitution, by-laws, and standing orders online. We have examined their regulations and public documents and studied four measures in order of importance for transparency and governance and their ease of implementation. For each measure, we compute a score and then weigh and sum the scores accordingly. The measures are:
Are meeting minutes for general meetings and committee meetings shared with anyone? If so, with whom, and are they publicly available?
Is a report of the finances shared with the MCR (the members or at least the committee)?
Are the finances audited? Internally, by college, or made available on request to MCR members?
Are students allowed to be elected to multiple elected positions at the same time? (Holding multiple elected positions can weaken accountability as governing documents generally assume that different officials have different positions.)
We detail the methodology below.
As essentially all MCRs have general meetings (meetings with all MCR members) as a requirement in their constitution, we have not explicitly included this in the ranking. The only and notable exception is Kellogg College’s MCR. It would not have made a difference, however, as Kellogg College’s MCR already ranks last.
Background
What is an MCR?
A middle common room (MCR) at a college is an association of all its graduate students. The name refers to the physical space that graduate students use. It comes with its own elected representatives, an MCR Committee, which work together with a college’s staff and governing body to provide the best possible experience for their graduate students. An MCR Committee organizes events and gatherings, and its budget can be considerable. Smaller MCRs can already have a yearly budget of £10,000s. With power comes responsibility, and such funds can be misspent, however, or other issues can arise.
MCRs at the University of Oxford
In 2020, there were 12,322 graduate students in Oxford in common rooms at 37 different colleges and 8 private halls. In this report, we include nominal junior common rooms (JCRs) for graduate students, like Nuffield JCR, and common rooms for both undergraduate and graduate students, like St Benet’s JCR.
Chart: Graduate Students by College (Full-Time & Part-Time)
Full-Time & Part-Time Graduate Students by College
College Name
Full-Time Graduates
Part-Time Gradudates
All Souls College
All Souls College
Full-Time Graduates: 6
Part-Time Graduates: 0
Total: 6
6
All Souls College
Full-Time Graduates: 6
Part-Time Graduates: 0
Total: 6
Ripon College Cuddesdon
Ripon College Cuddesdon
Full-Time Graduates: 3
Part-Time Graduates: 3
Total: 6
6
Ripon College Cuddesdon
Full-Time Graduates: 3
Part-Time Graduates: 3
Total: 6
Campion Hall
Campion Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 13
Part-Time Graduates: 4
Total: 17
17
Campion Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 13
Part-Time Graduates: 4
Total: 17
Blackfriars
Blackfriars
Full-Time Graduates: 22
Part-Time Graduates: 5
Total: 27
27
Blackfriars
Full-Time Graduates: 22
Part-Time Graduates: 5
Total: 27
Wycliffe Hall
Wycliffe Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 13
Part-Time Graduates: 24
Total: 37
37
Wycliffe Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 13
Part-Time Graduates: 24
Total: 37
St Benet's Hall
St Benet's Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 41
Part-Time Graduates: 8
Total: 49
49
St Benet's Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 41
Part-Time Graduates: 8
Total: 49
St Stephen's House
St Stephen's House
Full-Time Graduates: 49
Part-Time Graduates: 22
Total: 71
71
St Stephen's House
Full-Time Graduates: 49
Part-Time Graduates: 22
Total: 71
Corpus Christi College
Corpus Christi College
Full-Time Graduates: 90
Part-Time Graduates: 1
Total: 91
91
Corpus Christi College
Full-Time Graduates: 90
Part-Time Graduates: 1
Total: 91
Nuffield College
Nuffield College
Full-Time Graduates: 91
Part-Time Graduates: 2
Total: 93
93
Nuffield College
Full-Time Graduates: 91
Part-Time Graduates: 2
Total: 93
Regent's Park College
Regent's Park College
Full-Time Graduates: 57
Part-Time Graduates: 37
Total: 94
94
Regent's Park College
Full-Time Graduates: 57
Part-Time Graduates: 37
Total: 94
Trinity College
Trinity College
Full-Time Graduates: 126
Part-Time Graduates: 5
Total: 131
131
Trinity College
Full-Time Graduates: 126
Part-Time Graduates: 5
Total: 131
Magdalen College
Magdalen College
Full-Time Graduates: 173
Part-Time Graduates: 1
Total: 174
174
Magdalen College
Full-Time Graduates: 173
Part-Time Graduates: 1
Total: 174
Oriel College
Oriel College
Full-Time Graduates: 166
Part-Time Graduates: 25
Total: 191
191
Oriel College
Full-Time Graduates: 166
Part-Time Graduates: 25
Total: 191
The Queen's College
The Queen's College
Full-Time Graduates: 183
Part-Time Graduates: 9
Total: 192
192
The Queen's College
Full-Time Graduates: 183
Part-Time Graduates: 9
Total: 192
Worcester College
Worcester College
Full-Time Graduates: 172
Part-Time Graduates: 20
Total: 192
192
Worcester College
Full-Time Graduates: 172
Part-Time Graduates: 20
Total: 192
St Hilda's College
St Hilda's College
Full-Time Graduates: 185
Part-Time Graduates: 16
Total: 201
201
St Hilda's College
Full-Time Graduates: 185
Part-Time Graduates: 16
Total: 201
Mansfield College
Mansfield College
Full-Time Graduates: 193
Part-Time Graduates: 13
Total: 206
206
Mansfield College
Full-Time Graduates: 193
Part-Time Graduates: 13
Total: 206
Harris Manchester College
Harris Manchester College
Full-Time Graduates: 149
Part-Time Graduates: 63
Total: 212
212
Harris Manchester College
Full-Time Graduates: 149
Part-Time Graduates: 63
Total: 212
University College
University College
Full-Time Graduates: 221
Part-Time Graduates: 0
Total: 221
221
University College
Full-Time Graduates: 221
Part-Time Graduates: 0
Total: 221
Merton College
Merton College
Full-Time Graduates: 216
Part-Time Graduates: 9
Total: 225
225
Merton College
Full-Time Graduates: 216
Part-Time Graduates: 9
Total: 225
St Peter's College
St Peter's College
Full-Time Graduates: 221
Part-Time Graduates: 11
Total: 232
232
St Peter's College
Full-Time Graduates: 221
Part-Time Graduates: 11
Total: 232
Pembroke College
Pembroke College
Full-Time Graduates: 194
Part-Time Graduates: 41
Total: 235
235
Pembroke College
Full-Time Graduates: 194
Part-Time Graduates: 41
Total: 235
Somerville College
Somerville College
Full-Time Graduates: 196
Part-Time Graduates: 39
Total: 235
235
Somerville College
Full-Time Graduates: 196
Part-Time Graduates: 39
Total: 235
Brasenose College
Brasenose College
Full-Time Graduates: 202
Part-Time Graduates: 37
Total: 239
239
Brasenose College
Full-Time Graduates: 202
Part-Time Graduates: 37
Total: 239
Jesus College
Jesus College
Full-Time Graduates: 215
Part-Time Graduates: 28
Total: 243
243
Jesus College
Full-Time Graduates: 215
Part-Time Graduates: 28
Total: 243
Wadham College
Wadham College
Full-Time Graduates: 228
Part-Time Graduates: 15
Total: 243
243
Wadham College
Full-Time Graduates: 228
Part-Time Graduates: 15
Total: 243
Hertford College
Hertford College
Full-Time Graduates: 241
Part-Time Graduates: 10
Total: 251
251
Hertford College
Full-Time Graduates: 241
Part-Time Graduates: 10
Total: 251
Christ Church
Christ Church
Full-Time Graduates: 225
Part-Time Graduates: 31
Total: 256
256
Christ Church
Full-Time Graduates: 225
Part-Time Graduates: 31
Total: 256
St John's College
St John's College
Full-Time Graduates: 255
Part-Time Graduates: 5
Total: 260
260
St John's College
Full-Time Graduates: 255
Part-Time Graduates: 5
Total: 260
Exeter College
Exeter College
Full-Time Graduates: 245
Part-Time Graduates: 21
Total: 266
266
Exeter College
Full-Time Graduates: 245
Part-Time Graduates: 21
Total: 266
Lady Margaret Hall
Lady Margaret Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 254
Part-Time Graduates: 38
Total: 292
292
Lady Margaret Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 254
Part-Time Graduates: 38
Total: 292
St Edmund Hall
St Edmund Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 318
Part-Time Graduates: 8
Total: 326
326
St Edmund Hall
Full-Time Graduates: 318
Part-Time Graduates: 8
Total: 326
New College
New College
Full-Time Graduates: 251
Part-Time Graduates: 78
Total: 329
329
New College
Full-Time Graduates: 251
Part-Time Graduates: 78
Total: 329
Lincoln College
Lincoln College
Full-Time Graduates: 328
Part-Time Graduates: 10
Total: 338
338
Lincoln College
Full-Time Graduates: 328
Part-Time Graduates: 10
Total: 338
St Anne's College
St Anne's College
Full-Time Graduates: 298
Part-Time Graduates: 69
Total: 367
367
St Anne's College
Full-Time Graduates: 298
Part-Time Graduates: 69
Total: 367
Balliol College
Balliol College
Full-Time Graduates: 346
Part-Time Graduates: 31
Total: 377
377
Balliol College
Full-Time Graduates: 346
Part-Time Graduates: 31
Total: 377
St Catherine's College
St Catherine's College
Full-Time Graduates: 333
Part-Time Graduates: 52
Total: 385
385
St Catherine's College
Full-Time Graduates: 333
Part-Time Graduates: 52
Total: 385
St Hugh's College
St Hugh's College
Full-Time Graduates: 343
Part-Time Graduates: 97
Total: 440
440
St Hugh's College
Full-Time Graduates: 343
Part-Time Graduates: 97
Total: 440
Keble College
Keble College
Full-Time Graduates: 353
Part-Time Graduates: 113
Total: 466
466
Keble College
Full-Time Graduates: 353
Part-Time Graduates: 113
Total: 466
Green Templeton College
Green Templeton College
Full-Time Graduates: 436
Part-Time Graduates: 50
Total: 486
486
Green Templeton College
Full-Time Graduates: 436
Part-Time Graduates: 50
Total: 486
St Antony's College
St Antony's College
Full-Time Graduates: 476
Part-Time Graduates: 29
Total: 505
505
St Antony's College
Full-Time Graduates: 476
Part-Time Graduates: 29
Total: 505
St Cross College
St Cross College
Full-Time Graduates: 569
Part-Time Graduates: 3
Total: 572
572
St Cross College
Full-Time Graduates: 569
Part-Time Graduates: 3
Total: 572
Linacre College
Linacre College
Full-Time Graduates: 615
Part-Time Graduates: 16
Total: 631
631
Linacre College
Full-Time Graduates: 615
Part-Time Graduates: 16
Total: 631
Wolfson College
Wolfson College
Full-Time Graduates: 695
Part-Time Graduates: 80
Total: 775
775
Wolfson College
Full-Time Graduates: 695
Part-Time Graduates: 80
Total: 775
Kellogg College
Kellogg College
Full-Time Graduates: 245
Part-Time Graduates: 892
Total: 1137
1137
Kellogg College
Full-Time Graduates: 245
Part-Time Graduates: 892
Total: 1137
Full-Time Graduates
Part-Time Graduates
Kellogg College has the most students overall, with 1193 graduate students, 78% (892) of which are part-time students. Taking this into account, Wolfson College has the most full-time graduate students (695).
The Oxford Student Union has a list of all student representatives in MCR Committees. The list is not always up-to-date, but it provides a good overview. According to the list, 602 (graduate) student representatives fill 652 different roles. Some MCR constitutions forbid their students from being elected into more than one position, but by far, most MCR constitutions do not explicitly prevent this.
Representativeness of MCR Committees
We examine the size of individual MCR Committees and compare them to the size of their MCRs. They differ a lot: in the range of students they represent, the committees’ size, and how much of the MCR they represent as a fraction of elected representatives to overall MCR students.
Chart: MCR Committee Sizes (Absolute & Relative)
MCR Committee Size & Fraction of MCR
College Name
Committee Members
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR
Wolfson MCR
6
Wolfson MCR
Committee Members: 6
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 1%
1%
Wolfson MCR
Committee Members: 6
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 1%
St Cross SRC
8
St Cross SRC
Committee Members: 8
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 1%
1%
St Cross SRC
Committee Members: 8
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 1%
Kellogg MCR
16
Kellogg MCR
Committee Members: 16
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 1%
1%
Kellogg MCR
Committee Members: 16
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 1%
Lady Margaret Hall MCR
5
Lady Margaret Hall MCR
Committee Members: 5
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 2%
2%
Lady Margaret Hall MCR
Committee Members: 5
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 2%
Linacre CR
13
Linacre CR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 2%
2%
Linacre CR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 2%
Oriel MCR
5
Oriel MCR
Committee Members: 5
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 3%
3%
Oriel MCR
Committee Members: 5
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 3%
St Edmund Hall's MCR
9
St Edmund Hall's MCR
Committee Members: 9
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 3%
3%
St Edmund Hall's MCR
Committee Members: 9
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 3%
Hertford MCR
11
Hertford MCR
Committee Members: 11
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 4%
4%
Hertford MCR
Committee Members: 11
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 4%
Green Templeton GCR
24
Green Templeton GCR
Committee Members: 24
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 4%
4%
Green Templeton GCR
Committee Members: 24
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 4%
St Hugh's MCR
16
St Hugh's MCR
Committee Members: 16
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 4%
4%
St Hugh's MCR
Committee Members: 16
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 4%
Lincoln MCR
13
Lincoln MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 4%
4%
Lincoln MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 4%
Wadham MCR
10
Wadham MCR
Committee Members: 10
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
5%
Wadham MCR
Committee Members: 10
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
Wycliffe Hall MCR
4
Wycliffe Hall MCR
Committee Members: 4
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
5%
Wycliffe Hall MCR
Committee Members: 4
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
Keble MCR
18
Keble MCR
Committee Members: 18
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
5%
Keble MCR
Committee Members: 18
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
New MCR
16
New MCR
Committee Members: 16
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
5%
New MCR
Committee Members: 16
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
Regent's Park MCR
5
Regent's Park MCR
Committee Members: 5
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
5%
Regent's Park MCR
Committee Members: 5
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 5%
St Antony's GCR
29
St Antony's GCR
Committee Members: 29
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
6%
St Antony's GCR
Committee Members: 29
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
St Catz MCR
25
St Catz MCR
Committee Members: 25
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
6%
St Catz MCR
Committee Members: 25
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
University WCR
14
University WCR
Committee Members: 14
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
6%
University WCR
Committee Members: 14
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
St Anne's MCR
20
St Anne's MCR
Committee Members: 20
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
6%
St Anne's MCR
Committee Members: 20
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
Pembroke MCR
14
Pembroke MCR
Committee Members: 14
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
6%
Pembroke MCR
Committee Members: 14
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
Mansfield MCR
9
Mansfield MCR
Committee Members: 9
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
6%
Mansfield MCR
Committee Members: 9
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
Jesus MCR
13
Jesus MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
6%
Jesus MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
Harris Manchester MCR
11
Harris Manchester MCR
Committee Members: 11
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
6%
Harris Manchester MCR
Committee Members: 11
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
Balliol MCR
21
Balliol MCR
Committee Members: 21
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
6%
Balliol MCR
Committee Members: 21
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 6%
St Hilda's MCR
13
St Hilda's MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 7%
7%
St Hilda's MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 7%
Exeter MCR
17
Exeter MCR
Committee Members: 17
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 7%
7%
Exeter MCR
Committee Members: 17
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 7%
Brasenose HCR
17
Brasenose HCR
Committee Members: 17
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 8%
8%
Brasenose HCR
Committee Members: 17
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 8%
Merton MCR
18
Merton MCR
Committee Members: 18
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 8%
8%
Merton MCR
Committee Members: 18
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 8%
St Stephen's House MCR
5
St Stephen's House MCR
Committee Members: 5
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 8%
8%
St Stephen's House MCR
Committee Members: 5
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 8%
The Queen's MCR
13
The Queen's MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 8%
8%
The Queen's MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 8%
Somerville MCR
18
Somerville MCR
Committee Members: 18
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 9%
9%
Somerville MCR
Committee Members: 18
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 9%
Christ Church GCR
21
Christ Church GCR
Committee Members: 21
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 9%
9%
Christ Church GCR
Committee Members: 21
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 9%
Worcester MCR
13
Worcester MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 9%
9%
Worcester MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 9%
St Peter's MCR
17
St Peter's MCR
Committee Members: 17
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 10%
10%
St Peter's MCR
Committee Members: 17
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 10%
St John's MCR
28
St John's MCR
Committee Members: 28
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 11%
11%
St John's MCR
Committee Members: 28
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 11%
St Benet's JCR
15
St Benet's JCR
Committee Members: 15
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 12%
12%
St Benet's JCR
Committee Members: 15
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 12%
Magdalen MCR
24
Magdalen MCR
Committee Members: 24
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 14%
14%
Magdalen MCR
Committee Members: 24
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 14%
Nuffield JCR
13
Nuffield JCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 15%
15%
Nuffield JCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 15%
Trinity MCR
17
Trinity MCR
Committee Members: 17
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 15%
15%
Trinity MCR
Committee Members: 17
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 15%
Corpus Christi MCR
13
Corpus Christi MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 15%
15%
Corpus Christi MCR
Committee Members: 13
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR: 15%
Committee Members
Percentage MCR Committee/Total MCR
The MCR Committees of Corpus Christi, Nuffield, and Trinity College can more easily represent their student body than those of Wolfson, St Cross, and Kellogg College: an MCR Committee that already makes up a more significant fraction of the student body can naturally be more representative.
Details
Selection of Measures
MCR Committees can be viewed as public bodies representing their constituents and acting on their behalf, similar to local governments. The report “What is Good Governance?”1 by UNESCAP defines “governance” as:
the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)
UNESCAP Report: “What is Good Governance?”
The UNESCAP report identifies eight essential characteristics for good governance: participatory, consensus-oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive, and law-abiding. Out of these, transparency is a crucial requirement for accountability.
Both transparency and accountability together determine the trust and legitimacy extended by constituents23.
Based on a “Good Governance Checklist”4 by the California Institute for Local Government, we selected four measures that act as proxies for accountability and transparency standards, and which can be evaluated using an MCR’s governing documents.
Ranking
We weigh the four measures in order of their importance for transparency and governance, taking into account how easy it would be to improve each measure.
Availability of Meeting Minutes
We rank the availability of meeting minutes highest because it increases the visibility of the MCR committee and transparency at the same time. Especially during the current pandemic, this visibility is essential. There are few other means to keep up-to-date and see what an MCR committee is planning and ask questions openly. Furthermore, sharing meeting minutes is easy to do.
Publishing of a Financial Report
Next up is the availability of a financial report presented to the MCR or the MCR Committee. Even though such a report may not contain detailed expenses, it creates accountability on a high level, increases awareness on how the MCR Committee spends its budget, and encourages participation. Colleges already require such reports typically to determine the amount of money to grant to their MCRs. Making such reports available is easy in principle and does not require much work.
Required Financial Audits
Allowing for audits is generally a well-known principle for increasing accountability and preventing abuse of office. Most MCR constitutions require all expenses to be audited by their respective college. Many MCRs also require internal audits by independent students (not on the MCR Committee) at the end of a treasurer’s term before the accounts are presented to the college. Some MCRs also give other students insight into expenses independently on request. Internal audits require additional work, as does enabling independent insight, and consequently, we weigh them below financial reports.
Holding Multiple Elected Positions
Holding multiple elected positions is chiefly detrimental from a representative perspective. Being elected to multiple positions does not give additional votes. However, it can hinder accountability as constitutions and standing orders generally assume that different people hold different positions, presenting a natural check on elected officers, e.g., President and Treasurer. Some MCRs have tiered systems to prevent this, like Hertford, or only allow an MCR official to hold multiple positions in exceptional circumstances. While this rule is easy to implement, we deem it to have the least positive effect on governance and transparency and weigh it the least.
Methodology
Availability of Meeting Minutes
We score whether general meeting minutes are made available and to whom as per the constitution:
Only to the secretary, who keeps the minutes (0);
Only to be discussed at the next meeting (1);
To all members (2).
Similarly, we score whether MCR committee meetings are made available and to whom:
Only to the secretary, who keeps the minutes (0);
Only to be discussed at the next meeting (1);
Only to MCR committee members (2);
To all members (3).
We examine whether meeting minutes are available currently on the website:
No (0);
Yes, but only after logging in (1);
Yes, but not up-to-date (2); and
Yes (3).
We normalize each score, weigh by the ease of implementation and importance for encouraging participation and transparency, and then normalize the full score:
We score the requirement to publish a financial report in the governing documents as follows:
No report (0);
Only to the MCR committee (1);
Only to a noticeboard for a given time (1);
Presentation at a general meeting (2).
We normalize the score.
Required Financial Audits
We score the options for financial audits in governing documents as follows:
No audits (0);
Audits on request of an MCR member (1);
Internal audits (by independent students) (2);
College audits (2).
We sum up the available options (as detailed in the respective governing documents) and normalize by the maximum score (5). We score audits on request less because they are not automated and require action by a student.
Holding Multiple Elected Positions
We score whether an official is allowed to be elected and hold multiple positions as follows:
Allowed (0);
Not specified (0);
Constrained (e.g., by a tiered system or similar) (1);
The report’s breadth is limited as it only examines four separate measures and focuses on measures of transparency and accountability. We also limit ourselves to examining governing documents and do not survey the lived experience of students.
The ranking can be subject to argument. We believe the advantages of having a single score and ranking outweigh those of having only a partial ordering. The ranking has been found relatively stable to changes.
Conclusion
This report is the first in a series on governance and transparency at the University of Oxford. It has presented a wide disparity in how different MCRs approach transparency and governance. While many colleges are exemplary, some others are lagging in their commitments.
We hope this report will encourage positive change and that the added visibility will benefit student participation.
Jashari, M. and Pepaj, I., 2018. The role of the principle of transparency and accountability in Public Administration. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Administratio, 10(1). Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229465497.pdf. ↩